Investigations conducted by the journal Science, found the shadow empire semi-publishers who produc

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Investigations conducted by the journal Science, found the shadow empire semi-publishers who produce hundreds of "junk" science journals filled with untested scientific evidence, and based on open access model - a model that emerged a decade ago as a noble desire to make new knowledge available to all scientists . Investigations of July 2012 led the biologist and science journalist John Bohannon (John Bohannon), also known as the creator of the famous competition Dance Your PhD. He sent 304 magazine working model for Open Access, scholarly articles tanger outlet williamsburg on the anticancer action of substances extracted from lichens, signed a false name. At first glance, these items look "how to" but contained apparent to those skilled blunders. The result was stunning: 157 journals taken intentionally "defective" article for publication, with about 80 of them are not even subjected them proper verification. Rejected Article 98 magazines, and other to the publication in Science of the results of this study did not have time to make a decision turned out that a lot of magazines, posing as American or European publications tanger outlet williamsburg actually based in Africa and Asia - this is evidenced by their bank details and IP-address. Knowledge - all publication in a scientific journal for scientists is the main way to convey information about their discoveries to colleagues and the only source of reliable scientific information - the "right" scientific journals publish articles only after reviewing cross-check by independent experts. Such verification - expensive, so subscribe to scientific journals is not cheap. Now download one article from the website of leading publishers of magazines worth 20-30 dollars. With the advent of the internet has changed - more and more articles began to spread to the Internet, there were records of electronic preprints (articles tanger outlet williamsburg not yet accepted for publication), and the old publishing business model based on revenue from subscriptions gradually ceased to work. In the early 2000s there was a "flipped" model, based on the public domain. Its essence is that the gender tanger outlet williamsburg pay no reader and writer. The scientist is most interested in getting the results of his work oznayomylosya more people - so take the money out of it, the editors provide peer review, and the reader gets a free article. Among the "open" publishers tanger outlet williamsburg were real grandees such as PLoS and BioMed Central, which by their influence could compete with Science and Nature. The development of open access helped authorities: many governments are required to publish in open access research results carried out on taxpayers' tanger outlet williamsburg money. Trap placed Bohannona investigation began in July 2012 when he learned about the history of the Nigerian biologist Alina Nutch who sent the article in the magazine, thinking that it will publish for free, but faced with the need to pay about $ 90. The journalist decided to find out what was going on and tried to contact the publisher by Scientific & Academic Publishing (SAP). He long has been able to get a response by e-mail, and office address in Los Angeles was simply the intersection of two highways. Eventually he received a letter in broken English, which stated that SAP - an American publisher based in California. The letter came at 3:00 at night. Bohannon decided to repeat the experience Nutcha and send an article in one of the magazines SAP, and repeat the experiment in other journals that are based on the principles of open access. Scientist magazine chose 438 2054 publishers DOAJ Directory and the "black list", which is a scientist at the University of Colorado, Bill Jeffrey (Jeffrey Beall). The researchers then began preparing bait he created the "skeleton" of the article, the essence of which was to ensure that the substance X, derived from lichen species Y, slows the growth tanger outlet williamsburg of cancer cell types Z and makes them more vulnerable to radiotherapy. It then automatically generated a few hundred items, randomly substituting in place of "variables" Substance, lichens and cancers. The author's name is also heneruvalosya automatically from the list of African names and surnames and place his "research" institutions were invented in randomly selected African tanger outlet williamsburg capitals. For non-African origin author did not give too good English, with an automatic interpreter was translated into French and then English. In solid at first articles were made several fundamental mistakes that were literally jump into the eye professional. For example, the effect of inhibiting tanger outlet williamsburg the growth of cancer cells, which the author attributed to the substances of lichens could actually explained by the influence of alcohol solution, and the dependence on the dose, which was mentioned in the text, not observed in the data.